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The Council of Parent Attorneys and Advocates (COPAA) is a national American advocacy association of parents of children with disabilities, their attorneys, advocates, and others who support the educational and civil rights of children with disabilities.〔(Annual Conference of the Council of Parent Attorneys & Advocates (COPAA), Atlanta - March 10-13, 2005 ), ''The Special Ed Advocate Newsletter,'' Wrightslaw, 18 February 2005. retrieved 2 March 2008.〕 COPAA has more than 1,000 members in 48 states and the District of Columbia. COPAA was founded by S. James Rosenfeld in 1998 and is an independent 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.〔(Your Special Child - February 2008. ) Amy Landsman. ''Baltimore's Child,'' February 2008. retrieved 2 March 2008.〕 COPAA's mission is to level the playing field for parents of children with disabilities—through access to resources, information, and a network of professionals—so parents may collaborate as equal partners with school districts on their children's individualized education programs. COPAA focuses on the rights of children who receive special education, and who are served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and other statutes.〔 This includes working to ensure that children with disabilities receive a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). COPAA endeavors to improve the quality and quantity of legal assistance for parents of children with disabilities.〔(Advocacy/Education Law Links ), NLD On The Web, retrieved 2 March 2008〕 COPAA does not represent individual parents but provides a network to assist, train, and inform parents, advocates, and attorneys. COPAA also provides a directory of special education attorneys and advocates.〔 Advocates are nonlawyer professionals who work with parents to advocate for appropriate educations for their children with disabilities.〔(10 Great Jobs for Midlife Women ), More, 2008. retrieved 2 March 2008.〕 COPAA was formed in 1998 and works to:〔(Knowledge Network Members: The Council of Parent Attorneys and Advocates ), Family Center on Technology and Disability, February 2004. retrieved 2 March 2008.〕 * Enable parents to work more effectively with school personnel to plan and obtain effective educational programs for their children with disabilities; * Encourage more attorneys and advocates to undertake representation of parents of children with disabilities in their efforts to plan and obtain effective educational programs; * Provide advocate, attorney, parent and other professional COPAA members with the practical resources, training, and information they need to obtain appropriate and effective educational programs for students with disabilities; * Provide an annual conference to train parents, advocates, and attorneys in advocacy and litigation techniques; * Enable members to network and share information and legal resources. (Membership in COPAA is not available to attorneys who represent, or individuals currently employed by, education agencies receiving federal or state IDEA funds.〔) COPAA offers a national conference each year to further its mission of training attorneys, advocates, and parents. In addition, COPAA files ''amicus curiae'' briefs with the courts in cases of national significance.〔 COPAA has filed amicus curiae briefs with the United States Supreme Court in ''Schaffer v. Weast'' (2005), arguing that school districts should bear the burden of proof in IDEA cases because of their greater resources;〔(Schaffer v. Weast ), Wrightslaw, November 2005. retrieved 2 March 2008.〕 ''Winkelman v. Parma City School District'' (2006), arguing that pro se parents may represent themselves in IDEA cases in court;〔(Parents of disabled kids can represent selves ), USA Today, 2007. retrieved 2 March 2008〕 and ''Board of Education of New York v. Tom F.'' (2007), arguing that parents may seek tuition reimbursement under IDEA for a child who has been denied a free appropriate public education (FAPE) but who did not previously receive special education services from the school district.〔(Supreme Court to Hear Oral Argument in NYC Bd of Education v. Tom F. on October 1, 2007 ), Wrightslaw, 12 August 2007. retrieved 2 March 2008.〕 COPAA also adds its voice when Congress considers legislation affecting the educational and civil rights of children with disabilities.〔 For example, COPAA has advocated with states to override the ''Schaffer v. Weast'' decision and place the burden of proof on school districts, which the organization believes to be more equitable and fair.〔Some States Shift IEP Burden of Proof to School Districts. Education Week, 28 January 2008. (convenience link ), retrieved 2 March 2008〕 COPAA has also worked to support the IDEA Fairness Restoration Act, which would enable parents who prevail in IDEA cases to recover their expert witness fees. According to COPAA, few parents can afford the thousands of dollars needed to pay qualified medical, educational, and technical experts in IDEA cases.〔(Issues: Federal Special Education Law Introduced ), New Jersey Center for Outreach and Services for the Autism Community. retrieved 2 March 2008.〕 In 2009, COPAA published the Monograph, '' Unsafe in the Schoolhouse: Abuse of Children with Disabilities,'' written by Jessica Butler.〔(Jessica Butler, ''Unsafe in the Schoolhouse: Abuse of Children with Disabilities'' ) (COPAA 2009) retrieved 15 July 2009.〕 It documents 180 incidents in which children in special education were subject to restraints, seclusion, and other abusive interventions. Ms. Butler's Monograph also makes recommendations to Congress to adopt legislation that will protect children with disabilities from abusive practices. ''Unsafe in the Schoolhouse '' was one of two reports included by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) in its national report on restraint and seclusion.〔(Seclusions and Restraints Selected Cases of Death and Abuse at Public and Private Schools and Treatment Centers ), Government Accountability Office, 19 May 2009. retrieved 15 July 2009.〕 '' Unsafe in the Schoolhouse '' was also cited by the national media, including National Public Radio,〔(Report: Discipline Methods Endanger Disabled Kids ), Joe Shapiro, National Public Radio, 19 May 2009. retrieved 15 July 2009.〕 and Education News.〔(Unsafe in the Schoolhouse COPAA Releases Report ), Education News, 5 May 2009. retrieved 15 July 2009.〕 In 2008, COPAA had issued a Declaration of Principals Opposing the Use of Restraint, Seclusion, and Abuse of Children with Disabilities. The Declaration expresses the view the use of restraints, seclusion and aversive interventions as part of educational programs for children with disabilities.〔(Declaration of Principals Opposing the Use of Restraint, Seclusion, and Abuse ), COPAA, 2008 retrieved 15 December 2008.〕 Furthermore, COPAA provides a variety of tools on its website, including a comparison of IDEA 2004 and IDEA '97.〔(The Latest Scoop On IDEA Reauthorization ), National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, 7 April 2005. retrieved 2 March 2008.〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Council of Parent Attorneys and Advocates」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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